With rich support for multiple depth-specified samples per-pixel, deep images overcome many of the challenges previously faced when trying to combine multiple images using simple alpha channels and/or depth values.
In this talk from Siggraph 2018, Rob Pieké of MPC R&D shows that with a richer contextual understanding of the target composite, systems – both automatic and artist-controlled – can be built to significantly compress deep images such that there is no perceptual different in the final result.
If you are interested in knowing more, you can read the Siggraph document here: Siggraph2018 – Deep Thoughts about Deep Image Compression